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🖥️ How to use Nested Functions in Python? (Inner Functions and Closures in Python)
○ What are Nested Functions in Python?
Inner functions in Python, also known as nested functions, are functions that you define inside other functions. In Python, this kind of function has direct access to variables and names defined in the enclosing function.
Nested Functions in Python are useful when performing complex tasks multiple times within another function, to avoid Loops and code duplication outside the outer function.
def function_one(): # outer function
print ("Hello from outer function")
def function_two(): # inner function
print ("Hello from inner function")
function_two()
function_one()
# OUTPUT:
# Hello from outer function
# Hello from inner function
In the above example, function_two() has been defined inside function_one(), making it an inner function. To call function_two(), we must first call function_one(). The function_one() will then go ahead and call function_two() as it has been defined inside it.
It is important here to mention that the outer function has to be called in order for the inner function to execute. If the outer function is not called, the inner function will never execute
○ Why use Nested Functions in Python? (Encapsulation)
A function can be created as an inner function in order to protect it from everything that is happening outside of the function. In that case, the function will be hidden from the global scope (encapsulation in Python).
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How to use NESTED Functions in Python? (Inner Functions + Closures)
